Medicine, which both is a science and an art, a theoretical knowledge and a practical experience, occupies a privileged place in the critical history of the relationship between knowledge and literature. This article aims to define the specificity of epistemocritical approach, by outlining some methodological principles from the main cases of interaction between literature and medical knowledge. The"Hippocratic triangle" constituted by the doctor, the patient and the illness, provides in this framework elements of theorization, to which the first stage of reflection is devoted. The second one focuses more specifically on the analysisof a form and its meanings, the writing of the medical case, in order to illustrate and test the principles of Epistemocritics.