The chemist Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau played a fundamental role in the reconfiguration of the hygenic and environmental expertise in years around 1800. As a promoter of acids, he contributed to making their use more common in medicine and in industry. From the 1770s, at a time when the controversial issues of industrialization were at the forefront of debates, his expertise became crucial in reassuring the authorities and citizens alike about the supposedly deleterious effects of a certain number of industrial operations. During the French Revolution, in a role of political responsibility, he energetically contributed to the encouragement of industry. Then, under the Consulate and the Empire, together with other colleagues in chemistry, he was one of the experts ordered to evaluate industrial nuisances. Favorable to industry, his competencies and his influence greatly contributed to the establishment of a new regime of environmental regulation that relegated to the archaic practices of the Old Regime the former preventions for promoting the multiplication of manufacturing and industrial establishments, particularly chemical.