Rousseau, Judge of Jean-Jacques develops through fiction and in dialogical form a trial which has been pending since the Emile affair in 1762. This text thus pertains to the dialogue of ideas studied from the perspective of its Platonic roots. This article examines what Rousseau tried on a literary level, by practising his arguing skills closest to four acknowledged dialogical forms: paradoxical eulogy, Socratic maieutics, the irony of the Provincial Letters and the style of comedy. The article concludes with a reflection on the enigma of the prolonged occultation of this work which is more and more translated and commented on nowadays.